Epigenetics in Developmental Disorder: ADHD and Endophenotypes

Epigenetics in Developmental Disorder: ADHD and Endophenotypes.

Heterogeneity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with complex interactive operations of genetic and environmental factors, is expressed in a variety of disorder manifestations: severity, co-morbidities of symptoms, and the effects of genes on phenotypes. Neurodevelopmental influences of genomic imprinting have set the stage for the structural-physiological variations that modul...

Developmental Delay & ADHD 1 running head: DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY AND ADHD Developmental Delays in Children with ADHD

Zebrafish Assays to Measure ADHD Endophenotypes

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. It currently affects around 5% of children worldwide and frequently has long-term consequences. However, although there is a significant genetic component to ADHD, relatively few risk genes have been identified and characterized [1-3]. The drug treatments avai...

Developmental programming and epigenetics.

The ways in which epigenetic modifications fix the effects of early environmental events, ensuring sustained responses to transient stimuli that result in modified gene expression patterns and phenotypes later in life, are a topic of considerable interest. This article focuses on recently discovered mechanisms and calls into question prevailing views about the dynamics, positions, and functions...

Supportive neurodevelopmental evidence for ADHD as a developmental disorder.

A baby is dependent on its primary caregiver (hereafter referred to as 'mother') for its emotional regulation. The development of emotional self-regulation is dependent on the growth and myelinisation of connections between cortical (control) and limbic (emotion) structures in the infant brain. The subcortical sympathetic limbic system is dominant from birth, and it is only at 14-18 months of a...